以下 (Ika) is a Japanese noun suffix meaning “not exceeding ..., not more than ..., ... and under, ... and below”.
Meanings
- noun suffixnot exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer
- noun suffixbelow (a standard, level, etc.); under; beneath; less than
- noun, adjectival nounthe following; the below-mentioned; the rest; followed by ...
- noun suffixincluding ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)used to refer to all members of a group, starting with the head or principal figure
Examples
以下は彼の話です。
The following is his story.
彼はまだ４０歳以下だ。
He is still on the right side of forty.
彼の仕事は標準以下だ。
His work is below average.
Sentences from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR).