N4 grammar

〜なければならない

nakerebanaranai

Having to do it

Formation

Literally this says that if you do not do it, things will not do, which is how Japanese expresses obligation. It points at rules, duties and outside pressure rather than personal preference. In speech it gets shortened constantly, most often to なきゃ.

Examples

〜なければならない is marked in each sentence. Tap any word for its dictionary entry.

  1. We have to call off the meeting.

  2. I had to fix the toaster.

  3. Must I take this lesson?

  4. This custom should be done away with.

  5. Must I repaint the wall?

The explanation is ours, written for this site. Example sentences from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR), each machine-checked to actually contain the pattern. Furigana is generated automatically, so a rare reading may be imperfect.